Welcome to the forum. As a new member, I would like to inform you that there are certain rules and regulations applicable to this forum which you can find to your right screen where it has also been indicated that posting basic / repeated query is not allowed. Please search in this forum or Google it with the same text, so that you will find many threads discussed on the same topic. Take the inputs from there and update still if you are not able to resolve.
Also it has been observed from your list of queries that you are concentrating more on advanced stage of SD process and if I am correct, you are new to SD in which case, I would advice you not to concentrate on these topics. Just practice the basic SD process regularly and once you are comfortable, step to next level. At the first instnace itself, don't try to go to top ladder as you will neither learn proper SD process nor you will be in a position to handle the SD tickets independently.
G. Lakshmipathi